Showing posts with label Egypt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Egypt. Show all posts

Sunday, October 25, 2020

Egypt travel tips

International travel comes with its own ups and downs and every trip has new and sometimes unexpected experiences in store.

I have covered a large swathe of Egypt in my last six posts, featuring all the important features of various sites spread across the whole of Egypt. My present post is a sort of mini advisory in relation to travel to Egypt. Once the Corona Pandemic subsides and the tourism once again takes off, this should come as handy to those planning to travel to this historically rich African nation.

Egypt being an African country, one should not expect the level of modernisation and facilities that one comes across in developed countries of Europe and North America. I am sharing some of my experiences, some pleasant and some scary. Hopefully these will come handy to the travelers to this country.

As Egypt is a Muslim country, anyone coming from a non-Islamic country should have an idea of about their culture and traditions and should respect and follow them so as not to offend the local population. As such the country being overtly dependent on tourism, the people in general are friendly, co-operative and cheerful. General population is fair complexioned, in contrast to the population of majority of African countries, who are black.

Potable waterOne has to depend only on bottled  mineral water, which is available easily in the markets and hotels, although the price of bottle may vary depending on your location at the time of requirement. Hence it is always advisable to carry one's own water bottles. The tap water even in the star hotels is not potable unlike in Europe and America.

Egyptian Pounds and British pounds : The Egyptian currency is called Egyptian Pound which is roughly equal to approx. five Indian Rupees, while the British Pound equals ninety six Indian Rupees. It is not uncommon to see street vendors fleecing you by first offering some article by quoting the price in just pounds and when the time comes for payment they haggle and make you cough out British pounds instead of Egyptian pounds. One should carry US dollars or British pounds while going to Egypt. As the selling and purchase price of Egyptian pounds is considerably different, one is bound to incur substantial financial loss in currency conversions, if one carries Egyptian pounds.

Caravan movement : It is advisable to travel in groups, whether going by Car or by Coach. This is especially applicable to travel which has to pass through large stretch of desert where the population is minimal. Two such routes are Aswan to Abu Simbel and Luxor to Hurghada. Highway robbery is common and hence most of the times tourist coaches travel in large groups forming a caravan and these are often accompanied by police vehicles at the head as well as tail of caravan.

Entry to Pyramids : Entry into the Pyramids is officially allowed by paying the entry fee. The entrance to the pyramids though exciting, can be scary for some, especially in the Great Pyramid (Pyramid of Khufu). The height of the passage at many places is between 3 to 4 feet and one has to walk in crouched posture. This may  be problematic for people with back problems. Secondly there is a feeling of claustrophobia associated with oxygen deficiency as you are in a completely enclosed chamber. 

Fleecing of touristsAs is the norm in many tourist hubs, the fleecing agents are always looking for easy preys among tourists. One such instance comes in the shape of offer of free camel rides near the Pyramids. Once you are done with the ride, you will be made to pay through your nose to get off the camel. Nothing comes for free in this world. Although as Indians, we are used to such fleecing in our own country and are partially immune to it.

Local items worth purchaseEgyptian cotton is considered to be of high quality and durable. One can hope to get good bargains when looking out for cotton garments. There is a central market named Khan el-Khalili, which is like Chandni Chowk market in Delhi, where one can get good bargains and great variety. Papyrus plant is native to Egypt and has been used manifold since the time of ancient Egyptians. The writing material made from this plant is used extensively for paintings, and some of the paintings can last for hundreds of years while preserving their lustre. The plant is also used for making reed boats, mats, ropes and baskets.

Egyptian guides : If you are visiting a historical city, you need to have an expert guide to navigate and narrate and not having one is bound to ruin your trip.  As Egypt is heavily dependent on tourism for its economy, the local government has made it mandatory for official guides to clear their official exam of  history and architecture and to regularly update it by appearing in regular exams. We were fortunate to have a lady with extensive knowledge as our guide. She took all the pains in explaining the details and answering our relevant and sometimes irrelevent queries.

Hot Air Balloon Ride : Hot air ballon ride is quite a popular sport in Egypt and they have expert pilots to navigate these machines. The hot air balloons rise in the air with the help of gases like helium and hydrogen and once in the air they float just by the guidance of air drift. One ride of approximately twenty minutes is completed on the bank of river Nile in a sandy plain.

The day we took this ride, there was a comparatively strong air current, which accidentally took us across the Nile into a residential area where we witnessed women and children below, in their houses, waving at us enthusiastically. Ignorant of the fact that we had accidentally crossed the river we enjoyed the ride and waved back at the cheering households. After some time we landed in a sugarcane field which had been just cropped. The pilot of our hot air balloon never showed an anxious expression, although technically we were in trouble in not finding a proper landing site. So much for the skill of the pilot. Inspite of having skilled pilots, accidents do occur as happened in 2013, in which 19 out of 21 tourists on balloon were killed.

Terrorists targeting tourists in Egypt: There have been few incidents where terrorists have gunned down the tourists. One such incident happened at Hatshepsut temple and other at the seaside resort of Sharm el Sheikh. One has to bear in mind this risk, while travelling in a terrorism affected countries.

                   With this I finish my Egyptian blog and will be gladly welcoming you to my next single episode blog of the smallest country in the world - The Vatican City.

Hot Air Balloon
                                                    Hot Air balloon

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Sunday, October 18, 2020

River Nile and Alexandria - Egypt

"Travel and change of place impart new vigour to the mind"- A travel quote

 River Nile and Nile Cruise

River Nile, called the father of African rivers, is the longest river in the world with a length of 6650 Kilometers. It rises south of equator and flows north in the northeast Africa, ultimately draining into Mediterranean sea.

Its basin includes eleven countries viz Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, Democratic republic of Congo, Eritrea and Egypt.

It has two major tributaries called White Nile and Blue Nile. The white Nile is considered the primary stream although blue Nile is the source of most of its water, contributing about 80% of its total waters.

The ancient civilizations of Egypt developed on either side of this great river as it supplied them with water throughout the year. Presently it is the mainstay of Egyptian tourism with cruise ships carrying tourists between Luxor and Aswan. Most of the sites are located on either side of Nile, which makes cruise a comfortable way of covering the important areas.

Journey from Cairo to Aswan is by a comfortable overnight train with individual coupe for a couple.

An interesting feature that we found was the Esna lock located in Esna city, 53 kilometres south of Luxor. Filling the lock with water and emptying it is carried out through 4 automatic gates while there is a control tower which manages filling and emptying the lock, which takes about six minutes.Watching  the passage of cruise vessels through the Esna lock is an interesting experience.

A couple of interesting temples, one on each side of Nile are temples of Edfu and Kom-Ombo which are from the Greco- Roman period.

The temple Edfu built in 2nd century BC is located on the west bank of Nile and is dedicated to god Horus. It is one of the best preserved temples. Here the looming sandstone walls are covered in giant hieroglyphics and dazzling friezes.

The Kom Ombo temple, bulit between 108 BC- 47BC, is located on the east bank of Nile. It is an unusual double temple and features a unique engraving that is thought to be among the first representations of medical and surgical instruments, consisting of scalpels, curettes, forceps, speculums, scissors, medicine bottles and prescriptions

Alexandria :

Alexandria is a Mediterranean port city in the North Egypt. It is the second largest city of Egypt, after Cairo. The commercial area of the city and its main road is aligned along the Mediterranean coast, which is reminiscent of Mumbai's queen's necklace

The city was home to one of the ancient wonders of world, the Lighthouse, which has since disappeared. 

The city has Greco-Roman landmarks, one of which is the Pompey pillar. The pillar is 100 feet tall and is made of red Aswan granite. The name of the pillar is actually a misnomer as it has nothing to do with Roman general Gaius Pompey, a rival of Julius Caeser. The pillar was erected around 300 AD by emperior Diocletian and is a victory monument. The pillar is the site of Serapeum, Alexandria's acropolis.

A short distance from the pillar are Alexandria's catacombs discovered in 1900. They consist of a multi level labyrinth featuring burial niches and sarcophagii.

One common site in the morning is the local Egyptians drinking Kahwa (local black tea) in the open and workers carrying  loads of local bread, either in the carts or in the special baskets, on their shoulders. 
   
Pompey Pillar, Alexandria, Egypt
                                                                     Pompey pillar

Another important landmark is the disc shape ultramodern library and cultural centre, called Bibliotheca  Alexandrinaa . It is both a commemoration of old library which was lost in antiquity and to develop a centre of learning. In 2010 the library received a donation of five lakh books from France.

Another landmark is the 15th century seafront citadel, now a museum called Qaitbay.
 
Bibliotheca Alexandrinaa, Alexandria, Egypt
                                                            Bibliotheca Alexandrinaa




Saturday, September 26, 2020

Valley of the Kings and the Hatshepsut temple - Egypt

            "Life is not meant to be in one place"- A travel quote

Valley of the Kings

Valley of the  kings is a long narrow valley just west of the river Nile. It was the part of ancient city of Thebes and was the burial site of almost all the kings [Pharaohs] of the New Kingdom in the period 1539BC-1075BC. Presently the number of  known tombs is 62, which show variety in both plan and decoration. 

The site of the valley of the Kings was selected keeping in view its safety from robbers. All the tombs of the kings were dug deep into the mountain. The tomb usually consisted of the stone sarcophagus, containing the mummified body of the king along with furniture and treasures. The belief was that these goods would be carried on into the afterlife. 

The walls and the roofs of many tombs were embellished with paintings and carvings, showing the dead king in the presence of deities, especially the gods of the underworld. Some of the paintings and carvings are so preserved that they appear to be absolutely fresh. Astronomical figures are depicted in the roofs of many tombs.

 Virtually all the tombs in the valley were cleared out long ago, either by robbers or by the following rulers. Only the tomb of the Tutankhamun [reigned 1333-1323BC] escaped the reach of robbers. The tomb was found in the year 1922 and the excavators were dazzled by the treasures alongside the sarcophagus of the King. The world famous treasures were exhumed and now reside in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Tutankhamun, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt

                                                                        Tutankhamun
                                                     

Valley of Kings, Luxor, Egypt
                                            Way to one of the tombs in Valley of Kings

Colossi of Memnon

The colossi of Memnon are two massive statues of King Amenhotep III, each made from a single block of quartzite sandstone which are sitting there since 1350 BC in the necropolis of Thebes to the west of river Nile, near the valley of Kings. These statues are the only remains of a huge temple of King Amenhotep III, which once existed and these statues stood at its main entry gate.

 In 27 BC an earthquake broke the northern statue, following which the lower part of the statue sometimes produced a whistling sound at dawn, within one to two hours of sunrise. Thereafter this led to the statue being called as Singing Memnon. However during a later period a Roman king got the crack in the statue filled with a cementing substance and thence the singing stopped.

Colossi of Memnon, Luxor, Egypt
                                                                      Colossi of Memnon

Temple of Hatshepsut

Located near the valley of Kings, beneath the sheer cliffs of Deir el-Bahri stands a majestic mortuary temple of an extraordinary person, namely the Pharaoh Hatshepsut, she being the only second confirmed female Pharoah in the entire history of ancient Egypt, who wielded extraordinary power for a female.

 She was the eldest daughter of Pharoah Thuthmose I. She became the regent after the death of her husband and ruled for more than two decades. She dressed up like any other male Pharoah, wearing the royal headgear and even carried the royal beard. 

The temple has been restored and consists of three layered terraces reaching 97 feet. The colonnades and courts at three levels are approached by long ramp and the approach to ramp was once lined with sphinxes on both sides.

Statues of Hatshepsut and goddess Osiris adorned this temple. Dedicated to gods Amun, Osiris, Hathor and to deified Hatshepsut. Her reign was followed by Pharoah Thutmoses III, who in later part of his rule damaged the statues of Hatshepsut and even removed her name from the list of Pharoahs, possibly because he did not like a female to be glorified in a male bastion.

This temple was the site of a terrorist attack in 1997, in which 60 people including tourists were killed.

Temple of Hatshepsut, Luxor, Egypt
                                                                Temple of Hatshepsut

Saturday, September 19, 2020

Temples of Abu Simbel, Egypt - A historical and engineering marvel

            "I dislike feeling at home when I am abroad"- A travel quote

Abu Simbel is a village in the southern Egypt in the Egyptian part of Nubia near the Sudan border and this small village is famous for the two temples built by the Egyptian king Ramesses II.

  The temples are not only historically famous but have a fascinating story about their relocation. During the construction of the famous Aswan dam, planned in 1960, a large area was to be flooded by the construction of Lake Naseer.

 Apart from few other smaller areas of archaeological interest, there were two important temples namely the temples of Ramesses II and the temple of Philae, which were located in the areas likely to be inundated by the waters of Lake Naseer. 

UNESCO launched an international appeal to save the monuments in Nubia and appealed to its member countries to come forward and help. As many as  50 countries collaborated and made possible the unbelievable rescue of these temples. 

The Ramesses temples built in 1265 BC consisted of two parts. The bigger temple was dedicated to deified King Ramesses II and their deities god Amun, Ra-Horakhty and Ptah. The smaller temple lay just to the north of main  bigger temple and was dedicated to Ramesses' most beloved of his many wives, queen Nefertari and the deity goddess Hathor.

It was decided in 1963 to relocate both these temples. The temple of Ramesses II had four huge statues of the king in sitting posture , each 66 feet high, in the facade and it required advanced engineering heroics to relocate them at a higher level. 

A relocation site was chosen 200 feet above the existing site. Interestingly the entire temple including the giant statues were shifted by cutting the entire structure into more than 16000 smaller blocks, each properly numbered and reassembled in exactly the same proportions.

 Even the planetary orientation was taken into consideration. Twice in a year on 22nd february and 22nd october, the early rays of sun at exactly 6.2O AM, used to reach the statues of two dieties and of the king Ramesses II, located in the inner sanctuary. Marvellously the new placement also has the same event twice a year on same days. The completely relocated temple was inaugurated on 22 september 1968.

Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel, Nubia, Egypt
                                          Temple of Ramesses II

Hats off to the perseverence, technolgy and human skill, one cannot make out that the temple has beeen remade as the joints are completely imperceptible to the naked eye.

The temple is located about 240 kms from Aswan, the site of the famous Dam. As the road to Abu Simbel has to go through a large stretch of uninhabited desert, there is risk of cars or coaches being waylaid and looted by the robbers. Hence as a rule the cars as well as coaches move in a caravan with a police jeep in the front and also at the tail end.

Another interesting thing is the popularity of superstar Amitabh Bachchan in Egypt. The Egyptians, especially the youth are so enamoured by Amitabh Bachhan that whenever they seen an Indian tourist, they try to attract their attention for shopping, by calling Amitabh Bachchan's name.
                       

Temple of queen Nefertari at Abu Simbel,Nubia,  Egypt
                     Temple of queen Nefertari

Saturday, September 12, 2020

Karnak temple and the story of obelisks - Egypt

             " A MARVEL IS A TRUE MARVEL ONLY WHEN YOU SEE IT"- A TRAVEL QUOTE

.
 KARNAK TEMPLE

In the Egyptian tour, this one was a real pleasant surprise.
The Karnak temple complex is located in Egypt near the city of Luxor. It is the second most visited historical site in Egypt after the Pyramids. The key difference in this and other sites is the length of time over which it was developed and used. Contributions have been made by approximately thirty Egyptian kings [Pharaohs]. Construction of temples started around 2000 BC and continued upto 30 BC.

The vast complex of temples demonstrates the religious significance of the area in ancient times.
The temple was built on two axes and spread outwards from a small shrine, as successive kings made their own contributions in the form of pylons, chapels and obelisks. In antiquity, the temple was connected to Nile by a canal. Leading to the first pylon is an avenue of ram headed sphinxes protecting the figure of a king. The first pylon leads to the Great court of kings. In the centre of the court is an impressive open papyrus column.This precinct also has one of the largest obelisks, standing 95 feet tall [29 meters].

The Hypostyle Hall 

This is part of the largest precincts of the temple complex and is dedicated to Amun-Re, the chief deity of the area Thebes. This hall, measuring 50000 square feet is the mainstay of this temple complex, which has made it world famous.
 The hall  is made up of huge 134 columns. The columns are in the style of Papyrus flower, the most important plant as far as Egyptians are concerned. 122 columns are 10 meters tall and are in the closed papyrus bud style and 12 are 21 meters tall with a diameter of over 3 meters and in the open papyrus bud style. The larger columns are aligned along the aisle of the hall. 
The roof of the hall was made of massive sandstone blocks. The hall would have been completely dark but for the windows near the roof, which allowed shafts of light to penetrate and illuminate parts of the hall. 

Hypostyle Hall, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt
Huge columns of the Hypostyle hall, Karnak temple

Great court of Kings, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt
Huge column in Great court of Kings, Karnak temple and the statue of the King Ramesses II

OBELISKS

Obelisks are the tall rectangular tapering pillars made of up of single piece of stone, usually granite. They have a square or rectangular base and taper upwards and ending in a conical structure, called pyramidion. 
The obelisks were made to commemorate an event or person and honour the gods.The granite obelisks were made from stone quarried in the southern Egyptian town of Aswan. They have an unfinished obelisk in Aswan even today. These obelisks were stationed at the entry of Egyptian temples, one on each side of the main entry gate. One of the tallest obelisks is seen in the temple complex at Karnak.

 What is surprising is that in today's world, more obelisks are found in Rome including Vatican city [eight ancient Egyptian and five Ancient Roman] than in Egypt. It is because the rulers of the Roman Empire took a fascination for these columns and after conquering Egypt, took these precious structures with them to their own land. Later on some of the obelisks were gifted by the Egyptian government to other friendly countries. As a result these obelisks are now found in many countries, the largest one of them [96 feet] is found in Lateran square in Rome.

A list of the obelisks in world is given below:
  1.  Egypt has 11 in the cities of Cairo, Karnak and Luxor and Aswan [Unfinished]
  2.  Italy has 12, in Rome [7 Egyptian obelisks and 5 roman obelisks]
  3. Vatican city has 1
  4.  France has 1,in paris
  5.  United states of America has 1, in New York
  6.  United Kingdom has one, in London
  7.  Poland has one, in Poznan
  8.  Turkey has one, in Istanbul
  9.  Israel has one, in Caesarea
I have been fortunate to see the Egyptian, Italian, Vatican city, French and English obelisks during my travels.
Obelisk, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt
Obelisk in Karnak temple

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Pyramid of Khafre and The Sphinx, Egypt - A first hand experience

"Tourists don't know where they've been, travellers don't know where they are going"- A travel quote

Pyramids of Khafre and Mankaure 

Although big brother, the Great Pyramid of Giza [of Khufu] may have hogged the limelight, there are two other pyramids in the plateau of Giza, namely the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Mankaure.

The pyramid of Khafre built around 2520 BC, though of lesser height [originally 471 feet or 143 meters] than the Great Pyramid, appears to be bigger in the Giza plateau, the reason being that it is built at an elevated hillock. It also had a surrounding wall all around its perimeter and this is the only pyramid that has partly preserved outer casing near its top. This gives this pyramid a distinctive and rather impressive appearance.  This also gives you an imaginative view as to how the completed pyramids would have looked, when covered in their entirety by the outer casing stones.

The entry inside the pyramid is also not as claustrophobic or scary as in the Great Pyramid. This was the reason we could make it inside the Pyramid, although a feeling of claustrophobia and lack of oxygen was definitely felt. Tourists were entering and exiting through the same narrow passage and we could not find any ambulance standing by or any medical post, in case a stampede occured. That way it looked a bit tricky and risky. 

The funerary complex of this pyramid is comparatively well preserved consisting of a valley temple connected by a causeway to the Pyramid and is about 500 metres long. The valley temple is unique in the sense that it has 16 huge pillars of limestone, which once weighed upto 100-150 tons. Granite has also been used in the temple as a lining. The temple was located near the river Nile which used to flow nearby in those days.

The pyramid of Mankaure built around 2490 BC is the smallest of the three rising originally to a height of 218 feet [66 metres]. Although the smallest, the complex has preserved some of the most stunning examples of sculpture to survive from the ancient Egypt.

Sphinx

Situated to the south of Pyramid of Khafre is a giant monolithic statue carved out of the limestone hillock. The statue has a human head and the body of a recumbent lion. This statue is called Sphinx, named in the later period based on its not so accurate resemblence to a mythological treacherous Greek goddess. The greek goddess was a female and also had wings, while this one is a male and has no wings and is benevolent in contrast. I find the formation of Sphinx to be in contrast to what we see in Hindu mythology where many gods have the body of human but the head of an animal, Lord Ganesha being the most obvious and most revered example. The human face of Sphinx is considered to be that of Egyptian king Khafre wearing his traditional headgear, the same king whose name is also associated with building the second highest Pyramid.
 The face of the sphinx presently is defaced, with the nose having been chiseled out by some vandals at some point in the history. The traditional artificial beard from the king's face is also broken, the pieces of which are preserved in the London museum. The sphinx while sitting majestically for many centuries, was later abandoned due to shifting of the power centre to a different city. It was later rediscovered by a later ruler, Thutmose IV who found it lying mostly buried in the sand. Sphinx was eventually fully excavated at a much later date in history.
 Today it is one of the most visited and photographed sites in Egypt. We were no exception.                                      
                                                                     

                                     The sphinx in the backdrop

                                        
                                          
The Sphinx with Pyramid of Khafre in backdrop                The sphinx with Pyramid of Khafre in backdrop   

Thursday, August 20, 2020

The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt - A first hand experience

    " A WONDER IS A REAL WONDER ONLY WHEN YOU SEE IT"- A TRAVEL QUOTE

The only surviving ancient wonder of the world is the Great Pyramid of Giza [also known as Pyramid of Khufu after the ancient Egyptian king or Pharaoh Khufu] in Egypt, the others having vanished because of the vagaries of nature. The other six ancient wonders of the world were 
  • Hanging Gardens of Babylon in present day Iraq
  • Statue of Zeus at Olympia in Greece
  • Colossus of Rhodes, Greece
  • Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in present day Turkey
  • Mausoleum at Halicarnassus in present day Turkey
  • Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt
           
               .                                    

The Great Pyramid of Giza is indeed the wonder of the world in the real sense. Who has not read about the pyramids in Egypt during school days but actually witnessing it is an altogether different experience. 
There are three main pyramids in the Giza plateau. The Great pyramid is the oldest, built in the years 2551-2528 BCE and is northernmost of the three pyramids in Giza. 

Size and construction: The length of each side at the base measures 755.75 feet [230 metres] and its original height was 481.4 feet [147 metres]. The greatest difference in length among its four sides is mere 1.75 inches [4.4cm] and the base level is less than an inch [2.1cm], an astonishing engineering achievement. It was the tallest man made structure for 3800 years.

The question of how pyramids were built has not received a completely satisfactory explanation. The most plausible one is that the Egyptians employed a sloping and encircling embankment of brick, earth and sand, which was increased in height and length as the pyramid rose. The stone blocks were hauled up the ramp by means of sledges, roller and levers. It is believed that it took 20 years to complete the pyramid and demanded the labour of 100000 men. The pyramids were supposed to be the final resting places of the ancient Egyptian kings, called Pharaohs. 

The pyramid is made up of approximately 2.3 million stone blocks, some of which weighed upwards of 50 tons, The pyramid consists of an inner core of roughly hewn locally quarried lime stones and an outer casing of angled polished Tura lime stones that was laid in horizontal lines with spaces filled with gypsum plaster.

 The outer casing was laid with great precision and when completed in white, would have given an appearance of unimaginable beauty, when dazzled by the Egyptian sun and would have been visible from a great distance. The outer casing has been either removed by later rulers or destroyed by earth quakes and presently the inner core is what remains. Only few stones of this casing are seen at the base of Pyramid. The walls of the great pyramid are sloping at an angle of 51° 52'.

The interior chambers and passageways of the great pyramid are unique and include a number of enigmatic features. There is a main King's chamber and a smaller queen's chamber. The King's chamber is made up entirely of red granite which was brought from Aswan, which is about 800 km away. The sarcophagus inside the King's chamber is also made of granite, but was found to be empty. Possibly the body of Pharaoh and other valuable goods in the chamber were stolen. The entrance to the chamber was initially blocked with large granite slabs to prevent anyone from entering.

One can go inside the pyramid. The passages are at many places small and claustrophobic and one has to go half bent in such passages. The journey may not be pleasant for some, but for others it can be an exhilarating experience. Although we could not go inside the Great Pyramid but we could manage to go inside the 2nd highest pyramid of Khafre. Although one could feel the claustrophobia and lack of air inside, it was once in a life time experience.
                                                                     
 
                                                    Original entry gate to the Great Pyramid

Outside the Great Pyramid there are a number of local Arabs with camels, offering free rides. One has to be very careful and avoid them, because once you accept their offer and get on the camel, they would not let you get down unless you shell out good amount of money as their " Bakshish".   

Below is a very nice video of the interior of the Great Pyramid
                           

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